IoT-Based Solar Powered Battery Management System for an Electric Vehicle

Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the demand for efficient, safe, and intelligent battery management solutions. This paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-powered battery management system (BMS) for electric vehicles integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology and a Global Positioning System (GPS) module for location-based services. The proposed system utilizes renewable solar energy to supplement conventional charging methods, thereby reducing dependency on grid power and supporting sustainable transportation. The BMS continuously monitors critical battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SOC) to ensure safe and optimal operating conditions. An IoT-enabled communication module transmits real-time battery data to a cloud platform, allowing remote monitoring, data logging, and early fault detection. Intelligent control and protection mechanisms are incorporated to prevent overcharging, deep discharge, and thermal stress, which significantly enhance battery safety and lifespan. In addition, the integrated GPS module provides real-time vehicle location tracking and enables the identification of nearby EV charging or fuel stations. By analyzing the vehicle’s remaining battery capacity and location data, the system can alert the driver and recommend the nearest available charging stations, thereby improving route planning and reducing range anxiety. The system also enables efficient energy management by optimizing charging based on available solar energy, battery conditions, and geographic location. The proposed solar-powered IoT-based BMS with GPSenabled station identification offers a reliable, eco-friendly, and scalable solution for nextgeneration electric vehicles and smart mobility applications.